1. The truth about the inheritance of myopia: not absolute, but high risk
1. Genetic tendencies exist, but not inevitable
Myopia (especially high myopia) has a clear genetic tendency, but it is by no means 100% genetic. Research shows that:
① If both parents have high myopia (>600 degrees), the genetic probability of the child is about 60%-90%, and pathological myopia may be close to more than 90%.
② Only one parent has high myopia, and the child's risk is reduced to 30%-50%; both parents have ordinary myopia, and the risk is about 50%-60%
③ Even if parents do not have myopia, children still have a 10%-15% risk of myopia.
High myopia: It is often involved in polygenic inheritance (such as mutations at loci such as PAX6 and MYP1), which may be transmitted in an autosomal recessive/dominant manner, directly affecting eye development (such as abnormal axial growth)
Ordinary myopia: The heritability is 60%-80%, but environmental factors (such as close eye use, lack of outdoor activities) can "activate" genetic susceptibility.
▶ Ordinary myopia: The inheritance rate is 60%-80%. However, environmental factors such as prolonged use of near vision tasks and lack of outdoor activities can “activate” the genetic predisposition to myopia.
Key conclusion: Genetics play a role in determining whether someone is prone to myopia, while the environment serves as the “switch” that triggers myopia.
2. Special concerns for IVF: How to reduce genetic risks?
Second, special considerations for IVF babies: How to reduce genetic risks?
Currently, PGT technology mainly targets monogenic inherited diseases (such as thalassemia), while myopia involves multiple gene regulation, and there is no mature plan to screen mysightedness related gene combinations.
PGT(),,.However, if parents carry a single gene mutation in pathological myopia (such as associated with Marfan syndrome), PGT-M technology can be used to block the transmission of the pathogenic gene.
Nutrition during pregnancy: Supplement vitamin A, DHA, zinc, selenium and other trace elements to promote fetal visualdevelopment
3. Postnatal monitoring:
Regularly perform refractive screening from 6 months of age to establish visionfiles
If parents are highly myopic, it is recommended to detect the change in axial length every 3-6 months.
▶ If parents are highly myopic, it is recommended to measure the change in eye axis length every 3 to 6 months.

3. Scientific intervention: breaking the chain of "intergenerational transmission of myopia"

1. The Golden Law of Behavior Prevention and Control
Outdoor activities: Natural light for ≥2 hours a day stimulates dopamine secretion in the retina and suppresses axial growth
Eye habits: Follow the "20-20-20" rule (use your eyes for 20 minutes and 20 seconds) and ensure that the reading distance is>30cm
Light and diet: The brightness of the learning environment is>300 lux, and eat more dark green vegetables and deep-sea fish.
Orthokeratology Lens (OK Lens): Suitable for children over 8 years old with myopia, delaying the growth rate of myopia by about50%
Low-concentration atropine: 0.01% eye drops can slow down the progression of myopia and need to be used under the guidance of a doctor
Functional glasses: Defocus lenses can reduce hyperopic defocus in the peripheral retina and control axial elongation.
▶ Functional glasses: Defocus lenses can reduce the hyperopia caused by defocus in the peripheral retina, thereby controlling the elongation of the eye axis.

4. Expert voices
"Although IVF technology cannot completely avoid the genetic risk of myopia, it can significantly reduce the probability of children developing high myopia through pre-pregnancy consultation and systemic vision health management after birth."

Parents

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